[Technology] The application and design of a U-shaped glass structure are very worthy of collection!

The owners and architectural designers welcome the U-shaped glass curtain wall because it has many features. For example, low heat transfer coefficient, good thermal insulation performance, small color difference, Easy and fast installation and construction, good fire performance, saving money and environmental protection, etc.

01. U-shaped glass introduction

U-shaped glass for construction (also known as channel glass) is continuously produced by rolling first and then forming. It is named for its "U"-shaped cross-section. It is a novel architectural profile glass. There are many kinds of U-shaped glass with good light transmission but not see-through characteristics, excellent thermal and sound insulation performance, higher mechanical strength than ordinary flat glass, easy construction, unique architectural and decorative effects, and can save much money—light metal profiles for a wide range of uses.

The product has passed the National Glass Quality Supervision and Inspection Center inspection according to the building material industry-standard JC/T867-2000, "U-shaped glass for construction,” and various technical indicators are formulated with reference to the German industrial standard DIN1249 and 1055. The product was included in the catalog of new wall materials in Yunnan Province in February 2011.

 

02. Scope of application

It can be used for non-load-bearing interior and exterior walls, partitions, and roofs of industrial and civil buildings such as airports, stations, gymnasiums, factories, office buildings, hotels, residences, and greenhouses.

03. Classification of U-shaped glass

Classified by color: colorless, sprayed in various colors, and filmed in various colors. Commonly used colorless.

Classification by surface state: embossed, smooth, fine pattern. Embossed patterns are commonly used. Classified by strength: ordinary, tempered, film, reinforced film, and filled insulation layer.

04. Reference standards and atlases

Building materials industry standard JC/T 867-2000 "U-shaped glass for construction." German Industrial Standard DIN1055 and DIN1249. National Building Standard Design Atlas 06J505-1 "Exterior Decoration (1)."

05. Architectural Design Application

U-shaped glass can be used as a wall material in interior walls, exterior walls, partitions, and other buildings. External walls are generally used in multi-story buildings, and the glass height depends on the wind load, the glass from the ground, and the glass connection method. This special issue (Appendix 1) provides relevant data on German Industrial Standards DIN-1249 and DIN-18056 for selection in the design of multi-story and high-rise buildings. The node diagram of the U-shaped glass exterior wall is specifically described in the National Building Standard Design Atlas 06J505-1 "Exterior Decoration (1)" and this special issue.

U-shaped glass is a non-combustible material. Tested by the National Fireproof Building Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, the fire resistance limit is 0.75h (single row, 6mm thick). If there are special requirements, the design shall be carried out according to relevant specifications, or fire protection measures shall be taken.

U-shaped glass can be installed in a single or double layer, with or without ventilation seams during installation. This special publication only provides two combinations of single-row wings facing outward (or inward) and double-row wings arranged in pairs at the seams. If other combinations are used, they should be specified.

U-shaped glass adopts the following eight combinations according to its shape and architectural use function.

06. U-shaped glass specification

Note: The maximum delivery length is not equal to the use length.

07. Main performance and indicators

Note: When the U-shaped glass is installed in double rows or a single row, and the length is less than 4m, the bending strength is 30-50N/mm2. When the U-shaped glass is installed in a single row, and the installation length is greater than 4m, take the value according to this table.

08. Installation method

Preparations before installation: The installation contractor must understand the regulations on installing U-shaped glass, be familiar with the basic methods of U-shaped glass installation, and conduct short-term training for operators. Sign the "Safety Guarantee Agreement" and write it into the "Contents of the Project Contract" before entering the construction site.

Formulation of the installation process: Before entering the construction site, formulate the "installation process" based on the actual situation, and send the basic requirements of the installation process to the hands of each operator, who is required to be familiar with it and be able to operate it. If necessary, organize ground training, especially safety. No one can violate the operating norms.

Basic requirements for installation: Usually use special aluminum profile frame materials, and stainless-steel or black metal materials can also be used according to user requirements. When metal profile steel is used, it must have good anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment. The frame material and the wall or building opening should be firmly fixed, and there should be no less than two fixing points per linear meter.

Calculation of installation height: see attached picture (see profile glass installation height table). U-shaped glass is a light-transmitting wall installed in a square frame hole. The glass's length is the frame hole's height minus 25-30mm. The width does not need to consider the building modulus because the U-shaped glass can be cut arbitrarily. 0 ~ 8m scaffolding. The hanging basket method is generally used for high-rise installation, which is safe, fast, practical, and convenient.

09. Installation process

Fix the aluminum frame material to the building with stainless steel bolts or rivets. Carefully scrub the inner surface of the U-shaped glass and insert it into the frame.

Cut the stabilizing buffer plastic parts into corresponding lengths and put them into the fixed frame.

When the U-shaped glass is installed to the last piece, and the width margin of the opening cannot fit into the whole piece of glass, the U-shaped glass can be cut along the length direction to meet the remaining width. When installing, the cut U-shaped glass should first enter the frame and then install according to the requirements of Article 5.

When installing the last three pieces of U-shaped glass, two pieces should be inserted into the frame first, and then the third piece of glass should be sealed.

Adjust the temperature expansion gap between U-shaped glass, especially in areas with large annual temperature differences.

When the height of the U-shaped glass is not greater than 5m, the allowable deviation of the verticality of the frame is 5mm;

When the horizontal width of the U-shaped glass is greater than 2m, the allowable deviation of the levelness of the transverse member is 3mm; when the height of the U-shaped glass is not greater than 6m, the allowable deviation of the span deflection of the member is less than 8mm.

Cleaning glass: After a wall is finished, clean the leftover surface.

Insert elastic pads into the gap between the frame and the glass, and the contact surface of the pads with the glass and the frame shall not be less than 12mm.

In the joint between frame and glass, glass and glass, frame and building structure, fill glass glue type elastic sealing material (or silicone glue seal).

The load borne by the frame should be directly transmitted to the building, and the U-shaped glass wall is non-load-bearing and cannot bear force.

When installing the glass, wipe the inner surface clean, and after the installation is complete, wipe off the dirt on the outer surface.

10. Transportation

Generally, vehicles transport from the factory to the construction site. Due to the nature of the construction site, it isn’t easy to.

It is recommended to find flat land and warehouses but keeps the U-shaped glass safe and clean.

Take cleaning measures.

11. Uninstall

The U-shaped glass manufacturer shall hoist and load the vehicle with a crane, and the construction party shall unload the vehicle. To avoid problems such as damage, damage to the packaging, and uneven ground caused by ignorance of unloading methods Occurs, it is recommended to standardize the unloading method.

In the case of wind load, the maximum usable length of U-shaped glass is usually calculated.

Determine its wind resistance strength formula: L—U-shaped glass maximum service length, md—U-shaped glass bending stress, N/mm2WF1—U-shaped glass wing bending modulus (see Table 13.2 for details), cm3P—wind Load standard value, kN/m2A—bottom width of U-shaped glass, m13.2 Bending modulus of U-shaped glass of different specifications.

Note: WF1: flexural modulus of wing; Wst: flexural modulus of the floor; The value of flexural modulus of different installation methods. When the wing faces the direction of force, the flexural modulus Wst of the bottom plate is used. When the bottom plate faces the direction of force, the flexural modulus WF1 of the wing is used.

The comprehensive flexural modulus's comprehensive value is used when the U-shaped glass is installed in front and back. In the cold winter, due to the large temperature difference between indoors and outdoors, the side of the glass facing the indoors is prone to condensation. In the case of using single-row and double-row U-shaped glass as the envelope of the building, when the outdoor

When the temperature is low, and the indoor temperature is 20°C, the formation of condensed water is related to the outdoor temperature and indoor humidity.

The degree relationship is shown in the figure below:

 

The relationship between the formation of condensed water in U-shaped glass structures and temperature and humidity (this table refers to German standards)

12. Thermal insulation performance

The U-shaped glass with double-layer installation adopts different filling materials, and its heat transfer coefficient can reach 2.8~1.84W/(m2・K). In the German DIN18032 safety standard, U-shaped glass is listed as safety glass (the relevant standards in our country have not yet listed it as safety glass) and can be used for ball game venues and roof lighting. According to the strength calculation, the safety of U-shaped glass is 4.5 times that of ordinary glass. The U-shaped glass is self-contained in the shape of the component. After installation, the strength of the same area as the flat glass is calculated by the area formula: Amax=α(0.2t1.6+0.8)/Wk, which reflects the glass area and wind load strength. Corresponding relationship. U-shaped glass reaches the strength of the same area as tempered glass, and the two wings are bonded with sealant to form the overall safety of the glass (it belongs to safety glass in DIN 1249-1055).

U-shaped glass is installed vertically on the exterior wall.

13. U-shaped glass vertically installed on the exterior wall