Lits'ebetso tsa likhalase tse tsitsitseng tse fihlelang tlhokahalo ena ea meralo li tumme haholo menyakong ea fatše kapa libakeng tsa sechaba.Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa theknoloji li lumelletse tšebeliso ea likhomaretsi tse matla haholo ho hokela lipompo tsena tse kholo ho lisebelisoa ntle le tlhoko ea ho phunya masoba ka khalase.
Sebaka se tloaelehileng sa fatše se eketsa monyetla oa hore tsamaiso e tlameha ho sebetsa e le lera le sireletsang bakeng sa ho haha ​​​​bahahi, 'me tlhokahalo ena e feta kapa e feta litlhoko tse tloaelehileng tsa moea.Liteko tse ling li entsoe ka mokhoa oa ho lokisa lintlha bakeng sa ho cheka, empa eseng ka mokhoa oa ho kopanya.
Sepheo sa sengoloa sena ke ho rekota teko ea ketsiso ho sebelisa tšupu e tšosang e nang le liqoso tse phatlohileng ho etsisa ho phatloha ho etsisa phello ea phallo e phatlohileng karolong e bonaletsang e tlanngoeng.Mefuta ena e kenyelletsa boima ba ho phatloha ho hlalosoang ke ASTM F2912 [1], e etsoang ka poleiti e tšesaane e nang le sandwich ea SGP ionomer.Patlisiso ena ke lekhetlo la pele e ka lekanya ts'ebetso e ka bang teng bakeng sa liteko tse kholo le moralo oa meralo.Hokela lisebelisoa tse 'nè tsa TSSA tse bophara ba 60 mm (2.36 inches) ho poleiti ea khalase e boholo ba 1524 x 1524 mm (60 inches x 60 inches).
Likarolo tse 'nè tse kentsoeng ho 48.3 kPa (7 psi) kapa ka tlaase ha lia ka tsa senya kapa tsa ama TSSA le khalase.Likarolo tse hlano li ne li laetsoe tlas'a khatello e ka holimo ho 62 kPa (9 psi), 'me likarolo tse' nè ho tse hlano li ne li bontša ho robeha ha khalase, ho etsa hore khalase e fetohe ho tloha ha ho buloa.Maemong 'ohle, TSSA e ile ea lula e khomaretse lisebelisoa tsa tšepe,' me ha ho na ho se sebetse, ho khomarela kapa ho tlamahanngoa ho fumanoeng.Tlhahlobo e bontšitse hore, ho latela litlhoko tsa AAMA 510-14, moralo o lekiloeng oa TSSA o ka fana ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa tšireletso tlas'a mojaro oa 48.3 kPa (7 psi) kapa ka tlaase.Lintlha tse hlahisoang mona li ka sebelisoa ho boenjiniere ba sistimi ea TSSA ho fihlela mojaro o boletsoeng.
Jon Kimberlain (Jon Kimberlain) ke setsebi se tsoetseng pele sa tšebeliso ea li-silicone tse sebetsang hantle tsa Dow Corning.Lawrence D. Carbary (Lawrence D. Carbary) ke rasaense oa indasteri ea kaho ea tšebetso e phahameng ea Dow Corning eo e leng silicone ea Dow Corning le mofuputsi oa ASTM.
Sehokelo sa silicone sa sebopeho sa liphanele tsa khalase se sebelisitsoe lilemo tse ka bang 50 ho ntlafatsa botle le ts'ebetso ea meaho ea sejoale-joale [2] [3] [4] [5].Mokhoa oa ho lokisa o ka etsa hore lerako la ka ntle le tsoelang pele le boreleli le be le pepenene e phahameng.Takatso ea ho eketsa pepeneneng ea meaho e lebisitse ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea marako a marang-rang a marang-rang le mabota a ka ntle a tšehetsoeng ke bolt.Meaho e nang le phephetso ea meaho e tla kenyelletsa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale 'me e tlameha ho ipapisa le meaho ea lehae le likhoutu le maemo a polokeho.
Sekhomaretsi sa silicone sa sebopeho se hlakileng (TSSA) se ithutile, 'me mokhoa oa ho tšehetsa khalase ka likarolo tsa ho lokisa liboutu ho e-na le masoba a ho cheka ho hlahisitsoe [6] [7].Theknoloji ea sekhomaretsi se pepeneneng se nang le matla, ho khomarela le ho tšoarella ho na le letoto la thepa ea 'mele e lumellang baetsi ba marako a likharetene hore ba rale mokhoa oa ho hokahanya ka tsela e ikhethang le e ncha.
Lisebelisoa tse chitja, tse khutlonnetsepa le tse khutlo-tharo tse kopanang le bokhabane le ts'ebetso ea sebopeho li bonolo ho rala.TSSA e phekoloa hammoho le khalase ea laminated e ntseng e sebetsoa ka har'a autoclave.Kamora ho tlosa thepa ho potoloho ea autoclave, tlhahlobo ea netefatso ea 100% e ka phethoa.Monyetla ona oa tiisetso ea boleng o ikhetha ho TSSA hobane o ka fana ka maikutlo a hang-hang mabapi le semelo sa sebopeho sa kopano.
Tšusumetso ea ho hanyetsa [8] le phello ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso ea lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa silicone li ithutile [9].Wolf et al.e fane ka lintlha tse hlahisitsoeng ke Univesithi ea Stuttgart.Lintlha tsena li bonts'a hore, ha ho bapisoa le sekhahla sa khatello ea quasi-static se boletsoeng ho ASTM C1135, matla a ho tiea a thepa ea silicone ea sebopeho a maemong a matle a 5m/s (197in/s).Matla le bolelele lia eketseha.E bontša kamano pakeng tsa khatello le thepa ea 'mele.
Kaha TSSA ke thepa e otlolohileng haholo e nang le modulus e phahameng le matla ho feta silicone ea sebopeho, ho lebelletsoe hore e latele ts'ebetso e tšoanang ka kakaretso.Le hoja liteko tsa laboratori tse nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa khatello ha li e-s'o etsoe, ho ka lebelloa hore sekhahla se phahameng sa khatello ea ho phatloha se ke ke sa ama matla.
Khalase e entsoeng ka bolt e lekoa, e kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho fokotsa ho phatloha [11], 'me e ile ea bontšoa ka Letsatsi la Ts'ebetso ea Khalase la 2013.Liphetho tsa pono li bontša ka ho hlaka melemo ea ho lokisa khalase ka mochine ka mor'a hore khalase e robehe.Bakeng sa litsamaiso tse nang le sekhomaretsi se hloekileng, sena e tla ba phephetso.
Foreimi e entsoe ka kanale e tloaelehileng ea tšepe ea Amerika e nang le litekanyo tsa botebo ba 151mm x 48.8 mm bophara x 5.08mm botenya ba tepo (6” x 1.92” x 0.20”), eo hangata e bitsoang sekotjana sa C 6” x 8.2#.Likanale tsa C li cheselitsoe hammoho lihukung, 'me karolo e boima ea 9 limilimithara (0.375 inch) e teteaneng ea khutlotharo e cheselitsoe lihukung, e behiloe morao ho tloha holim'a foreimi.Ho ile ha phunngoa lesoba la 18mm (0.71 ″) ka poleiti e le hore bolt e bophara ba 14mm (0.55 ″) e ka kenngoa habonolo ho eona.
Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa TSSA tse bophara ba 60 mm (2.36 inches) ke 50 mm (2 inches) ho tloha sekhutlong se seng le se seng.Kenya lisebelisoa tse 'nè karolong e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khalase ho etsa hore ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e be le symmetrical.Ntho e ikhethang ea TSSA ke hore e ka behoa haufi le moeli oa khalase.Lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka bakeng sa ho lokisa mochine ka khalase li na le litekanyo tse khethehileng ho tloha moeling, tse lokelang ho kenngoa moqapong 'me li tlameha ho phunngoa pele ho chesa.
Boholo bo haufi le moeli bo ntlafatsa ho pepeseha ha tsamaiso e phethiloeng, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ho fokotsa ho khomarela motsoako oa linaleli ka lebaka la torque e tlaase holim'a motsoako o tloaelehileng oa linaleli.Khalase e khethiloeng bakeng sa morero ona ke likarolo tse peli tsa 6mm (1/4 ″) tse pepeneneng tse 1524mm x 1524mm (5′x 5′) tse khabisitsoeng ka filimi ea Sentry Glass Plus (SGP) ionomer e bohareng ea 1.52mm (0.060) ").
Sesepa sa TSSA sa 1 mm (0.040 inch) se tenya se sebelisoa ho 60 mm (2.36 inch) bophara ba tšepe ea tšepe e sa hloekang.The primer e etselitsoe ho ntlafatsa nako e telele ea ho khomarela tšepe e sa hloekang 'me ke motsoako oa silane le titanate ka har'a solvent.Sesepa sa tšepe se hatelloa khahlanong le khalase ka matla a lekantsoeng a 0.7 MPa (100 psi) motsotso o le mong ho fana ka metsi le ho kopana.Beha likarolo ka har'a autoclave e fihlang ho 11.9 Bar (175 psi) le 133 C ° (272 ° F) e le hore TSSA e ka fihla nako ea metsotso e 30 ea soak e hlokehang bakeng sa ho folisa le ho tlamahane ho autoclave.
Ka mor'a hore autoclave e phethoe 'me e pholile, hlahloba e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea TSSA e loketseng ebe u e tiisa ho 55Nm (40.6 foot pounds) ho bontša mojaro o tloaelehileng oa 1.3 MPa (190 psi).Lisebelisoa tsa TSSA li fanoe ke Sadev 'me li khetholloa e le lisebelisoa tsa R1006 tsa TSSA.
Bokella 'mele o ka sehloohong oa sesebelisoa ho disc e phekolang ka khalase ebe u e theolela ka har'a foreimi ea tšepe.Fetola 'me u lokise linate holim'a liboutu e le hore khalase e ka ntle e phunyeletse ka ntle ho foreimi ea tšepe.Lenonyeletso la 13mm x 13mm (1/2″ x½”) le pota-potileng sebaka sa khalase le tiisitsoe ka sebopeho sa likarolo tse peli tsa silicone e le hore teko ea boima ba khatello e ka qala letsatsing le hlahlamang.
Teko e ile ea etsoa ho sebelisoa tšupa e ts'oarellang ka har'a Explosives Research Laboratory Univesithing ea Kentucky.The shock absorbing tube e entsoe ka 'mele oa tšepe o matlafalitsoeng, o ka kenyang li-unit ho fihla ho 3.7mx 3.7m sefahlehong.
Leqhubu la tšusumetso le khannoa ke ho beha liqhomane ka bolelele ba tube ea ho phatloha ho etsisa likarolo tse ntle le tse mpe tsa ketsahalo ea ho phatloha [12] [13].Kenya khalase eohle le foreimi ea tšepe ka har'a tube e monyang lets'ollo bakeng sa tlhahlobo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 4.
Li-sensor tse 'nè tsa khatello li kenngoa ka har'a tube e tšosang, kahoo khatello le sekhahla se ka lekanngoa ka nepo.Ho ile ha sebelisoa lik'hamera tse peli tsa video tsa digital le khamera ea SLR ea digital ho hatisa tlhahlobo.
Khamera ea lebelo e phahameng ea MREL Ranger HR e haufi le fensetere ka ntle ho tube e ts'oarehang e ile ea hapa teko ka liforeimi tse 500 motsotsoana.Beha rekoto ea laser ea 20 kHz deflection haufi le fensetere ho lekanya ho kheloha bohareng ba fensetere.
Likarolo tse 'nè tsa moralo li ile tsa lekoa ka makhetlo a robong ka kakaretso.Haeba khalase e sa tlohe sebakeng se bulehileng, khutlisetsa karolo tlas'a khatello e phahameng le tšusumetso.Ketsahalong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, khatello e lebisitsoeng le data ea deformation ea impulse le khalase e tlalehiloe.Joale, tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e boetse e lekantsoe ho latela AAMA 510-14 [Feststration System Voluntary Guidelines for Explosion Hazard Mitigation].
Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe ka holimo, likopano tse 'nè tsa foreimi li ile tsa lekoa ho fihlela likhalase li tlosoa monyako oa boema-kepe.Sepheo sa teko ea pele ke ho fihla 69 kPa ka lebelo la 614 kPa-ms (10 psi A 89 psi-msec).Tlas'a mojaro o sebelisitsoeng, fensetere ea khalase e ile ea pshatleha 'me ea lokolloa foreiming.Lisebelisoa tsa ntlha tsa Sadev li etsa hore TSSA e khomarele khalase e robehileng.Ha khalase e thata e pshatleha, khalase e ile ea siea lesoba ka mor'a ho kheloha hoo e ka bang 100 mm (4 inches).
Tlas'a boemo ba ho eketsa mojaro o tsoelang pele, foreimi ea 2 e ile ea lekoa ka makhetlo a 3.Liphello li bontšitse hore ho hlōleha ha hoa ka ha etsahala ho fihlela khatello e fihla ho 69 kPa (10 psi).Likhatello tse lekantsoeng tsa 44.3 kPa (6.42 psi) le 45.4 kPa (6.59 psi) li ke ke tsa ama botšepehi ba karolo.Tlas'a khatello e lekantsoeng ea 62 kPa (9 psi), ho kheloha ha khalase ho ile ha baka ho robeha, ho siea fensetere ea khalase ha ho buloa.Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa TSSA li hokeletsoe ka khalase e robehileng, joalo ka setšoantšo sa 7.
Tlas'a boemo ba ho eketsa mojaro o tsoelang pele, foreimi ea 3 e ile ea lekoa habeli.Liphello li bontšitse hore ho hlōleha ha hoa ka ha etsahala ho fihlela khatello e fihla ho sepheo sa 69 kPa (10 psi).Khatello e lekantsoeng ea 48.4 kPa (7.03) psi e ke ke ea ama botšepehi ba karolo.Pokello ea lintlha e ile ea hlōleha ho lumella ho kheloha, empa pono ea pono e tsoang video e bontšitse hore ho kheloha ha foreimi ea 2 teko ea 3 le foreimi ea 4 teko ea 7 e ne e tšoana.Tlas'a khatello ea ho lekanya ea 64 kPa (9.28 psi), ho kheloha ha khalase e lekantsoeng ho 190.5 mm (7.5 ″) ho ile ha fella ka ho robeha, ho siea fensetere ea khalase e bulehile.Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa TSSA li khomaretsoe ka khalase e robehileng e robehileng, e tšoanang le Setšoantšo sa 7.
Ka mojaro o ntseng o eketseha, foreimi ea 4 e ile ea lekoa ka makhetlo a 3.Liphello li bontšitse hore ho hlōleha ha hoa ka ha etsahala ho fihlela khatello e fihla ho sepheo sa 10 psi ka lekhetlo la bobeli.Likhatello tse lekantsoeng tsa 46.8 kPa (6.79) le 64.9 kPa (9.42 psi) li ke ke tsa ama botšepehi ba karolo.Tekong ea #8, khalase e ne e lekantsoe hore e kobehe 100 mm (4 inches).Ho lebeletsoe hore mojaro ona o tla etsa hore khalase e robehe, empa lintlha tse ling tsa data li ka fumanoa.
Tekong ea #9, khatello e lekantsoeng ea 65.9 kPa (9.56 psi) e ile ea khelosa khalase ka 190.5 mm (7.5 ″) 'me ea baka ho robeha, ea siea fensetere ea khalase sebakeng se bulehileng.Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa TSSA li khomaretsoe ka khalase e ts'oanang e robehileng joaloka setšoantšong sa 7 Maemong 'ohle, lisebelisoa li ka tlosoa habonolo ka foreimi ea tšepe ntle le tšenyo e totobetseng.
TSSA bakeng sa teko ka 'ngoe e lula e sa fetoha.Ka mor'a tlhahlobo, ha khalase e lula e tiile, ha ho na phetoho e bonahalang ho TSSA.Video ea lebelo le phahameng e bonts'a khalase e pshatleha bohareng ba span ebe e tloha ho bula.
Ho tloha papisong ea ho hlōleha ha khalase 'me ha ho na ho hlōleha ho Figure 8 le Figure 9, hoa thahasellisa ho hlokomela hore mokhoa oa ho robeha ha khalase o hlaha hōle le sebaka sa ho khomarela, se bontšang hore karolo e sa tsitsang ea khalase e fihlile moo ho kobehang, e atamela ka potlako The brittle yield point of glass e amana le karolo e setseng e tlameletsoe.
Sena se bontša hore nakong ea teko, lipoleiti tse robehileng likarolong tsena li ka 'na tsa tsamaea tlas'a matla a ho kuta.Ho kopanya molao-motheo ona le ho hlokomela hore mokhoa oa ho hlōleha ho bonahala e le ho hlajoa ha khalase ea botenya ka har'a segokanyimmediamentsi sa sekhomaretsi, ha mojaro o behiloeng o ntse o eketseha, ts'ebetso e lokela ho ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsa botenya ba khalase kapa ho laola ho kheloha ka mekhoa e meng.
Teko ea 8 ea Frame 4 ke ntho e makatsang e makatsang setsing sa liteko.Le hoja khalase e sa senyeha e le hore foreimi e ka boela ea lekoa, TSSA le lihlopha tsa ho tiisa tse potolohileng li ntse li ka boloka mojaro ona o moholo.Sistimi ea TSSA e sebelisa li-attachments tse 'ne tsa 60mm ho tšehetsa khalase.Meroalo ea moea ea moralo ke meroalo e phelang le e sa feleng, ka bobeli ho 2.5 kPa (50 psf).Ona ke moralo o itekanetseng, o nang le ponaletso e nepahetseng ea meralo, o bonts'a meroalo e phahameng haholo, 'me TSSA e lula e tiile.
Boithuto bona bo entsoe ho fumana hore na sekhomaretsi sa sekhomaretsi sa sistimi ea khalase se na le likotsi tse itseng kapa likoli ho latela litlhoko tsa boemo bo tlase bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea sandblasting.Ho hlakile hore sistimi e bonolo ea 60mm TSSA e kentsoe haufi le moeli oa khalase mme e na le ts'ebetso ho fihlela khalase e robeha.Ha khalase e etselitsoe ho thibela ho robeha, TSSA ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho hokahanya o ka fanang ka tekanyo e itseng ea tšireletso ha o ntse o boloka litlhoko tsa mohaho bakeng sa ho pepeseha le ho buleha.
Ho latela maemo a ASTM F2912-17, likarolo tse lekiloeng tsa lifensetere li fihla boemong ba kotsi ea H1 boemong bo tloaelehileng ba C1.Sesebelisoa sa Sadev R1006 se sebelisitsoeng thutong ha se amehe.
Khalase e futhumetseng e sebelisitsoeng thutong ena ke "sehokelo se fokolang" tsamaisong.Hang ha khalase e robehile, TSSA le sekhahla sa ho tiisa se potolohileng ha se khone ho boloka likhalase tse ngata, hobane likaroloana tse nyenyane tsa likhalase li sala holim'a thepa ea silicone.
Ho ea ka pono ea moralo le ts'ebetso, mokhoa oa ho khomarela oa TSSA o 'nile oa pakoa hore o fana ka ts'ireletso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa likarolong tsa li-facade tsa boemo bo phatlohang boemong ba pele ba lipontšo tsa ts'ebetso ea ho phatloha, e' nileng ea amoheloa ka ho pharaletseng ke indasteri.Facade e lekiloeng e bontša hore ha kotsi ea ho phatloha e le pakeng tsa 41.4 kPa (6 psi) le 69 kPa (10 psi), ts'ebetso ea boemo ba kotsi e fapane haholo.
Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa hore phapang pakeng tsa likotsi ha e bakoe ke ho hlōleha ha sekhomaretsi joalokaha ho bontšoa ke mokhoa o kopanetsoeng oa ho hlōleha ha sekhomaretsi le likhechana tsa khalase pakeng tsa menyako ea kotsi.Ho latela se hlokometsoeng, boholo ba khalase bo lokisoa ka nepo ho fokotsa ho kheloha ho thibela ho brittleness ka lebaka la karabelo e ntseng e eketseha ea ho kuta sehokelong sa ho kobeha le sehokelo, se bonahalang e le ntlha ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong.
Merero ea nakong e tlang e ka khona ho fokotsa boemo ba kotsi tlas'a meroalo e phahameng ka ho eketsa botenya ba khalase, ho lokisa boemo ba ntlha e amanang le moeli, le ho eketsa bophara ba ho kopana ha sekhomaretsi.
[1] ASTM F2912-17 Litlhaloso tse Tloaelehileng tsa Fiber ea Glass, Glass le Glass Systems Ho Tlas'a Meroalo e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa, ASTM International, West Conshawken, Pennsylvania, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1520/F2912-17 [2 ] Hilliard, JR, Paris, CJ le Peterson, CO, Jr., "Structural Sealant Glass, Sealant Technology for Glass Systems", ASTM STP 638, ASTM International, West Conshooken, Pennsylvania, 1977, leq.maqephe a 67-99.[3] Zarghamee, MS, TA, Schwartz, le Gladstone, M. , "Seismic Performance of Structural Silica Glass", Ho Tiisa Mohaho, Sealant, Glass le Theknoloji e sa keneleng Metsi, Buka ea 1. 6. ASTM STP 1286, JC Myers, mohlophisi, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 1996, leqepheng la 46-59.[4] Carbary, LD, "Review of Durability and Performance of Silicone Structural Glass Window Systems", Letsatsi la Tshebetso ea Glass, Tampere Finland, June 2007, Conference Proceedings, leqepheng la 190-193.[5] Schmidt, CM, Schoenherr, WJ, Carbary LD, le Takish, MS, "Performance of Silicone Structural Adhesives", Glass System Science and Technology, ASTM STP1054, CJ University of Paris, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1989 Years, pp. 22-45 [6] Wolf, AT, Sitte, S., Brasseur, M., J. le Carbary L. D, "Sekhomaretsi sa Silicone sa Transparent Structural Silicone bakeng sa ho Lokisa Glazing Dispensing (TSSA) Tlhahlobo ea pele ea mochine. thepa le ho tšoarella ha tšepe”, The Fourth International Durability Symposium “Construction Sealants and Adhesives”, ASTM International Magazine, e hatisitsoeng Inthaneteng, Phato 2011, Buka ea 8, Khatiso ea 10 (Khoeli ea 11 Pulungoana 2011), JAI 104084, e fumanehang webosaeteng e latelang. : www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/JAI/PAGES/JAI104084.htm.[7] Clift, C., Hutley, P., Carbary, LD, Sekhomaretsi sa silicone sa sebopeho sa Transparent, Glass Performance Day, Tampere, Finland, June 2011, Proceedings of the meeting, leqepheng la 650-653.[8] Clift, C., Carbary, LD, Hutley, P., Kimberlain, J., "New Generation Structural Silica Glass" Facade Design le Engineering Journal 2 (2014) 137-161, DOI 10.3233 / FDE-150020 [9 9] ] Kenneth Yarosh, Andreas T. Wolf, le Sigurd Sitte "Tekolo ea Li-Silicone Rubber Sealants ka Moqapi oa Li-Bulletproof Windows le Mabota a Curtain ka Litefiso tse Phahameng tsa Moving", Makasine ea Machaba ea ASTM, Khatiso ea 1. 6. Pampiri ea 2, ID JAI101953 [ 10] ASTM C1135-15, Mokhoa o Tloaelehileng oa Teko oa ho Fumana Ts'ebetso ea Tensile Adhesion ea Structural Sealants, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2015, https:/ /doi.org/10.1520/C1135-15 [11] Morgan, T. , "Khatelo-pele ea Bolt-Fixed Glass" e sa Qhasehang ", Letsatsi la Ts'ebetso ea Khalase, June 2103, metsotso ea liboka, maq. 181-182 [12] ASTM F1642 / F1642M-17 Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa tlhahlobo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa khalase le likhalase tse tlas'a meroalo e matla ea moea. , ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1520/F1642_F1642M-17 [13] Lechato, William Chad le Braden T.Lusk."Mokhoa o mocha oa ho tseba karabelo ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase tse thibelang ho phatloha ho meroalo e phatlohileng."Metric 45.6 (2012): 1471-1479.[14] "Litaelo tsa Boithaopo bakeng sa ho Fokotsa Kotsi ea Ho phatloha ha Vertical Window Systems" AAMA 510-14.