Umqondo wokuklama we-Visual Arts Building eNyuvesi yase-Iowa, e-U.S.A., ugxile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kobuciko kokukhanya kwemvelo, nokudalwa kwezikhala zokusebenzisana ezihlukene. Lesi sakhiwo siholwa umdwebi wamapulani odumile emhlabeni wonke u-Steven Holl kanye nefemu yakhe, lesi sakhiwo sihlanganisa izinto ezintsha ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo ukuze kusungulwe indalo yobuciko esebenzayo nengokomoya. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya ifilosofi yokuklama kwayo kusuka ezinhlangothini ezine:
1. Umbono Wendawo Ngombono We-Phenomenological
Ethonywe ngokujulile ithiyori ye-phenomenological yefilosofi uMaurice Merleau-Ponty, u-Holl ugcizelela ukuthi izakhiwo kufanele zivuse okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu okuhlanganiswe ngendawo nezinto zokwakha. Isakhiwo samukela isakhiwo esime mpo esinezimbotshana, esethula ukukhanya kwemvelo ekujuleni kwesakhiwo ngokusebenzisa "Izikhungo Zokukhanya" ezisuka phansi kuya phansi eziyisikhombisa ukuze sakhe ukulandelana okuguquguqukayo kokukhanya nesithunzi. Isibonelo, udonga lwamakhethini engilazi egobile lwe-atrium emaphakathi, oluhlanganiswe nezitebhisi ezivunguzayo, luvumela ukukhanya ukuthi kukhiphe izithunzi ezigelezayo ezindongeni naphansi njengoba isikhathi sishintsha, esifana “nomfanekiso oqoshiwe wokukhanya” futhi senza ababukeli bakwazi ukubona ngobukhona ubukhona bokukhanya bemvelo ngesikhathi kunyakaza.
U-Holl uklame i-facade yesakhiwo "njengesikhumba esiphefumulayo": i-facade eseningizimu imbozwe ngamaphaneli ensimbi engenazimbobo enezimbobo, afihla amafasitela emini futhi ahlunge ukukhanya kwelanga emigodini, edala ukukhanya okungabonakali nesithunzi esifana "nomdwebo ka-Mark Rothko"; ebusuku, izibani zangaphakathi zingena kuma- panel, futhi izimbobo zishintsha zibe ama-rectangles akhanyayo anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okwenza isakhiwo sibe "indlu yesibani sokukhanya" edolobheni. Lokhu kushintshana komphumela obonakalayo wosuku nobusuku kuguqula isakhiwo sibe yisitsha sesikhathi nemvelo, siqinise ukuxhumana okungokomzwelo phakathi kwabantu nendawo.
2. Ukukhohlisa Ngobuciko Kokukhanya Kwemvelo
UHoll ubheka ukukhanya kwemvelo “njengendlela yobuciko ebaluleke kakhulu”. Isakhiwo sifinyelela ukulawula okunembile kokukhanya ngamafasitela ahlukaniswe ngokulandelana kwe-Fibonacci, agobile.Ingilazi yephrofayiliizindonga zamakhethini, nezinhlelo ze-skylight:
Ibhalansi phakathi kokukhanya okuqondile emini kanye nokubonakala okusakazwayo: Izitudiyo zisebenzisa ingilazi yephrofayela ye-U edlulisa kakhulu enokwelashwa kwangaphakathi okuyisithwathwa, iqinisekisa ukukhanya kwemvelo okwanele kokudalwa kobuciko kuyilapho igwema ukuxhopha.
Ukukhanya okunamandla netiyetha yethunzi: Isikhumba esinezendlalelo ezimbili esakhiwe amaphaneli ensimbi engenasici anembobo kanye namaphaneli e-zinc angaphandle sinezimbobo ezinosayizi futhi zihlelwe ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm optimization, okuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kusakazwe amaphethini ejiyomethri endlini yasendlini ashintshayo nezinkathi zonyaka nezikhathi, okuhlinzeka abaculi “ngomthombo ophilayo wogqozi”.
Isimo sasebusuku: Uma kuhwalala, izibani zangaphakathi zesakhiwo zidlula kumaphaneli anembobo futhiIngilazi yephrofayiliemuva, kwakha "ukufakwa kobuciko obukhanyayo" okudala umehluko omkhulu nokubukeka okugodliwe phakathi nosuku.
Lo mklamo ocolisisiwe wokukhanya uphendulela isakhiwo sibe ilabhorethri yokukhanya kwemvelo, ehlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima zokudalwa kobuciko kwekhwalithi yokukhanya kuyilapho iguqula ukukhanya kwemvelo kube ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kobuhle bezakhiwo.
3. Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yokusebenzelana Kwezinhlanga Ezihlukene
Ngenhloso yokuhamba okuqondile nokubumbana komphakathi, isakhiwo sidiliza izithiyo ezibonakalayo zeminyango yobuciko bendabuko:
Izitezi ezivulekile nokukhanyela obala: Izitudiyo ezinezitezi ezine zendlalwe ngokukhazimulayo eduze kwe-atrium emaphakathi, nezingxenye zengilazi emaphethelweni ephansi, okwenza izigcawu ezihlukahlukene zokudalwa kwezigwegwe (njengokujikijela amasondo obumba, ukubumba insimbi, kanye nokumodela kwedijithali) zibonakale komunye nomunye futhi zivuse ukungqubuzana kogqozi kwenkundla.
Idizayini yehhabhu lomphakathi: Izitebhisi ezivunguzayo zandiswa zaba "indawo emiswayo" enezinyathelo ezingamasentimitha angama-60 ububanzi, ezisebenzela kokubili ezokuthutha kanye nemisebenzi yezingxoxo yesikhashana; ithala elisophahleni kanye nendawo yokusebenza yangaphandle ixhunywe ngamarampu ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana okungakahleleki.
Ukuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lokukhiqiza ubuciko: Kusukela kushabhu yesisekelo esiphansi kuya kugalari esezingeni eliphezulu, isakhiwo sihlela izikhala ngokugeleza "kombukiso wendalo-imfundo", okuvumela abafundi ukuthi bathuthe ngokuqondile imisebenzi yabo besuka ezitudiyo baye ezindaweni zombukiso, benze i-ecosystem yobuciko obuvaliwe.
Lo mqondo wokuklama unanela inkambiso “yokuhlanganiswa kwemingcele” kwezobuciko besimanje futhi unconywa “ngokuguqula imfundo yezobuciko isuke eziqhingini ezihlukene zokuqondisa izigwegwe ibe inethiwekhi yolwazi exhumene”.